{"id":4242,"date":"2025-07-10T16:57:44","date_gmt":"2025-07-10T14:57:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avant4degres.fr\/?page_id=4242"},"modified":"2026-08-13T19:26:23","modified_gmt":"2026-08-13T17:26:23","slug":"humidite-5-les-efflorescences-et-le-salpetre","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/avant4degres.fr\/en\/humidite-5-les-efflorescences-et-le-salpetre\/","title":{"rendered":"Humidit\u00e9 #5\u00a0: les efflorescences et le salp\u00eatre"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4242\" class=\"elementor elementor-4242\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-feb9c9d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"feb9c9d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78e632a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"78e632a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Humidit\u00e9 #5 : les efflorescences et le salp\u00eatre<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2caf2f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e2caf2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e807104 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e807104\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>7 juillet 2025<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6efed9f elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"6efed9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carrousel d\u2019images\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 4\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/avant4degres.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Efflorescences1-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Efflorescences1\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 4\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/avant4degres.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Efflorescences2-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Efflorescences2\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 4\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/avant4degres.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Salpetre1-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Salp\u00eatre1\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"4 of 4\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/avant4degres.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Salpetre2-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Salp\u00eatre2\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c7fd07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c7fd07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le salp\u00eatre est parfois confondu \u00e0 tort avec des moisissures, mais il fait partie du r\u00e8gne min\u00e9ral (le mot \u00ab\u00a0salp\u00eatre\u00a0\u00bb vient du latin <em>salpetrae<\/em> qui signifie \u00ab\u00a0sel de pierre\u00a0\u00bb), tout comme les efflorescences.<\/p><p>Les <strong>efflorescences<\/strong> correspondent \u00e0 la <strong>transformation de sels cristallis\u00e9s en des concr\u00e9tions pulv\u00e9rulentes par \u00e9vaporation de leur eau de cristallisation<\/strong>. Observables aussi bien sur des murs en brique, en pierre ou en parpaing de ciment, les efflorescences peuvent aller d\u2019un simple voile \u00e0 des concr\u00e9tions plus ou moins pulv\u00e9rulentes. Leur apparition peut \u00eatre li\u00e9e \u00e0 la qualit\u00e9 de la ma\u00e7onnerie, mais aussi aux conditions de montage et notamment \u00e0 l\u2019<strong>action de la pluie sur le mortier de jointoiement<\/strong> (Philipparie &amp; Thomas, 2023).<\/p><p>Si les efflorescences peuvent alt\u00e9rer l\u2019esth\u00e9tique d\u2019une fa\u00e7ade, elles n\u2019ont en revanche <strong>aucun impact sur sa p\u00e9rennit\u00e9<\/strong>. Attention donc \u00e0 ne pas faire plus de mal que de bien en cherchant \u00e0 s\u2019en d\u00e9barrasser (pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer un microsablage \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation de produits acides).<\/p><p>La <strong>salp\u00eatrisation<\/strong> se produit lorsque <strong>de l\u2019eau liquide remonte dans le mur, entra\u00eenant avec elle des bact\u00e9ries qui vont \u00eatre \u00e0 l\u2019origine de d\u00e9p\u00f4ts<\/strong>. Chimiquement, le salp\u00eatre correspond au <strong>nitrate de potassium<\/strong>, couramment utilis\u00e9 comme engrais azot\u00e9 dans l\u2019agriculture, comme conservateur de produits alimentaires ou\u2026 comme oxydant dans les explosifs. Jusqu\u2019au d\u00e9but du XX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, le salp\u00eatre \u00e9tait m\u00eame \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9colt\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.persee.fr\/doc\/efr_0223-5099_2008_act_418_1_9513\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guillerme, 2008<\/a>). Contrairement aux moisissures qui peuvent \u00eatre toxiques par inhalation, <strong>le salp\u00eatre n\u2019est toxique que par ingestion<\/strong>. Le nitrate de potassium est m\u00eame canc\u00e9rog\u00e8ne av\u00e9r\u00e9 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.anses.fr\/en\/system\/files\/ERCA2020SA0106Ra.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ANSES, 2022, p. 14-15<\/a>).<\/p><p>On distingue deux familles d\u2019enduits anti-salp\u00eatre \u00e0 base de chaux\u00a0: les <strong>enduits \u00ab\u00a0barri\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, qui vont emp\u00eacher le passage des sels tout en laissant l\u2019humidit\u00e9 s\u2019\u00e9vacuer, et les <strong>enduits sacrificiels<\/strong>, qui vont se charger de sels et que l\u2019on devra faire tomber et refaire au bout de quelques ann\u00e9es.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"emoji\" role=\"img\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.1.0\/svg\/1f4d6.svg\" alt=\"\ud83d\udcd6\" \/>\u00a0ANSES (2022) &#8211; <em>\u00c9valuation des risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la consommation de nitrates et nitrites<\/em>, avis r\u00e9vis\u00e9 de l\u2019ANSES, rapport d\u2019expertise collective, 306 p.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"emoji\" role=\"img\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.1.0\/svg\/1f4d6.svg\" alt=\"\ud83d\udcd6\" \/>\u00a0Guillerme A. (2008) &#8211; La puissance des ruines\u00a0: la r\u00e9colte du salp\u00eatre \u00e0 Paris (1760-1840), <em>in<\/em> <em>Il reimpiego in architettura : recupero, trasformazione e uso<\/em>, publications de l\u2019\u00c9cole Fran\u00e7aise de Rome, 418, p. 443-449<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"emoji\" role=\"img\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.1.0\/svg\/1f4d6.svg\" alt=\"\ud83d\udcd6\" \/>\u00a0Philipparie P., Thomas J.-L. (2023) &#8211; <em>La pathologie des fa\u00e7ades<\/em>, CSTB \u00c9ditions\/AQC, 132 p.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f56bc8d elementor-align-center elementor-mobile-align-right elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f56bc8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/avant4degres.fr\/en\/mes-offres-daccompagnement-dans-votre-parcours-de-renovation\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Je veux une visite-analyse<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02fe6a3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"02fe6a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Humidit\u00e9 #5 : les efflorescences et le salp\u00eatre 7 juillet 2025 Le salp\u00eatre est parfois confondu \u00e0 tort avec des moisissures, mais il fait partie du r\u00e8gne min\u00e9ral (le mot \u00ab\u00a0salp\u00eatre\u00a0\u00bb vient du latin salpetrae qui signifie \u00ab\u00a0sel de pierre\u00a0\u00bb), tout comme les efflorescences. Les efflorescences correspondent \u00e0 la transformation de sels cristallis\u00e9s en des [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_front_end_style_editor":"no","ocean_post_layout":"full-width","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"off","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"off","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4242","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Humidit\u00e9 #5\u00a0: les efflorescences et le salp\u00eatre - Avant 4 degr\u00e9s<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/avant4degres.fr\/en\/humidite-5-les-efflorescences-et-le-salpetre\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Humidit\u00e9 #5\u00a0: les efflorescences et le salp\u00eatre - Avant 4 degr\u00e9s\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Humidit\u00e9 #5 : les efflorescences et le salp\u00eatre 7 juillet 2025 Le salp\u00eatre est parfois confondu \u00e0 tort avec des moisissures, mais il fait partie du r\u00e8gne min\u00e9ral (le mot \u00ab\u00a0salp\u00eatre\u00a0\u00bb vient du latin salpetrae qui signifie \u00ab\u00a0sel de pierre\u00a0\u00bb), tout comme les efflorescences. 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